7 January, 2011
Aside from being a splendidly relaxing break from the trials of Peace Corps life, my visit to the States over the holidays gave me some new perspectives on fundraising for the projects I am trying to complete here in the D.R. Talking with friends and family about donating to a “latrine project,” was tough practice in trying to sum up a few months of work in a short conversation. And I realized quickly that despite how accustomed to the way of life in the rural Dominican Republic, people back home have little to no idea about living conditions and the ensuing needs in the community I live in. It is easy to forget to say that there isn’t a plumbing system when you use a pit toilet for the bathroom several times a day. That being said, as I proposed donating money to a “pit toilet” or “latrine” project in rural Dominican Republic, I was somewhat unprepared for wide variety of responses I received. While some were very supportive and wanted to know more information right away, others were appalled at the thought of giving money to build toilets. I attribute both my unpreparedness and their reactions to a fault of proper and more thorough explanations about the project. So I am dedicating this post to descriptions of everyday life in the campo I live in as well as a more detailed version of the proposed “latrine project.
Community Need
For starters, the rural community I live in consists of about 500 people and does not have a plumbing system; none of the families have running water inside their homes and all bathrooms are pit toilets outside of the home in the back yard (imagine a permanent porta-potty). However, not everyone has access to a sanitary bathroom (yes latrines can be clean, not smelly, and very sanitary). As soon as I began visiting the homes of my neighbors in the community, the lack of access to proper bathroom facilities was evident. One day after spending a couple of hours at one household, I casually asked to use the restroom. The mother glanced at her husband and two adolescent children, all speechless and displaying quiet looks of embarassment... and then she explained my options: I could hike up the hill into the fields, or walk down to the stream, as these are their two available bathrooms. These are the options for 30% of the families in this community.
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| An example of an old latrine that doesn't work anymore because it caved in due to improper construction techniques and improper use and maintenance. |
Community Priority
Improving access to sanitary bathrooms is a priority for this community because without them the health of the entire community is sacrificed. About 25% of the families in Las Auyamas do not receive water from the new aqueduct system; they gather water for drinking, washing, and cooking from the stream that winds through town. However, frequent repairs to the aqueduct can take weeks at a time, leaving the entire community dependent on water from the stream. The homes of Las Auyamas are oriented around the stream, and those who don't have a latrine are using the bathroom within the drainage system of the same water the entire community relies upon. Families without latrines are also at increased risk of fecal-mouth contamination as there is no sanitary separation between bathroom and everyday living spaces. Additionally, the lack of running water makes the habit of washing hands after use of the bathroom challenging. Without the knowledge and skills offered during the workshop portion of this project many families will be left without the opportunity to make handwashing a household habit.
Community Direction and Involvement
Several members of community identified the need for sanitary bathrooms during interviews completed at the beginning of my service. The concern has been vocalized and shared with me since the day I arrived in site. My neighbors, Rosa and Jose were the first to propose a latrine project during a discussion we had about sharing my latrine when I moved into the house next to theirs since they don't have one. With their help, we formed the Committee for Sanitary Bathrooms in Las Auyamas to try and organize the people in need of latrines. While the committee is made up primarily of families who don't have bathrooms, their are also several people who have latrines attending meetings simply to show their support for the group's initiative.
Members of the community have been influential in planning the logistics and preparing resources for the project. One member of the Committee, Lurino, has been responsible for communicating and working with the mayor to help with transport of the sand. Another member, will be providing an entire room in his home to store materials for the duration of the project. Each beneficiary will be closely involved in the implementation of the project, as they are providing the manual labor for the actual building of the latrines. The Committee has also agreed to assist the families who do not have capable workers available for the manual labor needed to complete construction.
The masons for the project are two local health promoters, Guitarr Arnaut and Mariano Jimenez. They were the local leaders of an externally-funded latrine project completed five years ago. They have been responsible for planning the material list and organizing the timeline of the project. Having built over 50 latrines in the past, they provide first-hand experience in dealing with the challenges and logistics of latrine construction. As health promoters, they understand the importance of educating the beneficiaries on the proper use of the latrine and hygiene practices. They will be partially responsible for organizing and implementing the workshop portion of the project.
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| My latrine out back at my house...similar to the latrine project proposed in this post. |
Community Contribution
A combination of manual labor, payment for the masons, and the collection of sand accounts for a community contribution of 39% of the total project cost. Each family will provide three people for 4.5 days of unskilled manual labor. These laborers will spend 2.5 days digging the pit for the latrine and 2 days assisting the mason with the cement work and construction of the latrine house. At RD$250 a day, this equals RD$67,500. The community is also responsible for collection and transport of sand from a nearby river. A community member, Lurino de la Rosa, has arranged for the mayor to help transport the sand with his truck from the river to each of the families' homes. The equivalent cost of sand if we were to buy it is RD$7,950. The mason assisting the building of each latrine will recieve RD$800, the community will pay RD$500; for 20 latrines a total contribution of RD$10,000. While the partnership will cover transport costs of materials from San Juan to the storage site in Las Auyamas, each family willl be responsible for transporting materials from the storage site to their individual homes. The total community contribution is thus 39% of the total cost, or RD$85,450 of RD$218,620.
Project Implementation
The first phase of the project is the educational workshop to be given through the meetings of Committee of Sanitary Bathrooms in Las Auyamas. Attendance at one of two meetings will be mandatory for the beneficiaries to receive their latrine. The workshop has three main objectives: 1.) Provide information on proper use and maintenance of their latrine; 2.) Discuss proper hygiene practices and provide instruction on making a simply hand-washing device; 3.) Create a site visitation and building schedule. At this meeting we will also review the responsibilities of the families for the preparation and building of their latrine. Guitarr Arnaut and Mariano Jimenez are responsible for presenting information on the proper uses and maintenance of the latrines. Then they will assist me in a presentation about the importance of proper hygiene and handwashing techniques. We will provide information about the routes of transmission of common illlnesses, and how they can be prevented simply by washing hands after bathroom use. To encourage these behaviors we will guide a session on creating and installing simple handwashing devices made of gallon jugs and string to be used with the new latrines. Lastly, we will create the preliminary site visit and building schedule with the masons and the beneficiaries.
The second phase of the project includes the collection of materials, site verification and preparation for building day. In this phase the families will be responsible for collecting sand to be transported to the building sites. Lurino is in charge of organizing the transportation of the sand from the river to the sites with the help of the mayor's truck. Guitarr and I will be visiting each of the families homes to verify where the latrine will be built. During this visit we will also discuss and review the proper-use information presented at the workshop with the family. I will be responsible for travelling to the hardware store in San Juan to order materials which will be delivered within 24 hours to the storage site in Las Auyamas. Community member, Ortinio, will be responsible for storing the materials in an extra room in his home until each of the families is able to come and retrieve them. Once their site has been approved, each family will be responsible for transporting their materials to their own homes. Finally, the family can begin digging the first part of the pit for their latrine so it is ready for the masons to line with cement.
The third phase is the construction of the latrines. The families will be responsible for providing three laborers during the construction of the latrines. Mariano and Guitarr, the masons, will be working together on each of the latrines, moving to two or three different sites each day. The families and the masons will be responsible for following the schedule and communicating needs to ensure that the assistants are present on the days the masons need them.
The final and fourth phase is follow-up visitations. One month after their completion, Guitarr Arnaut and I will be visiting each of the sites to ensure the proper use and care of the latrine. We will be checking to see that only bathroom waste is being placed in the pit, and that everything is in working order. During these visits we will also discuss with the families the effectiveness of the hand-washing device, verify its use, and review the importance of proper hygiene.
Project Sustainability
Families receiving latrines will have gained knowledge about proper bathroom hygiene and how to maintain a sanitary restroom for their household. They will understand the importance of personal hygiene and be able to construct a hand-washing device that can aid in the convenience of washing hands regularly. With the building of 20 new latrines, the community will be provided with the opportunity to live healthier, more sanitary lives. The community has shown their commitment and willingness to improve health by participating in local health promotion activities and meetings organized by the health promoters from Plan International as well as the meetings of the Committee for Sanitary Bathrooms. The information presented during this project supports the efforts of Plan International and the community members' desire to live healthier lives.
The Committee for Sanitary Bathrooms in Las Auyamas is responsible for organizing logistics such as transport of materials and building schedules. Through this experience, the beneficiaries will learn valuable organizational and project management skills that may be utilized in future community projects.
The sustainability of the physical structures of the latrines can be assured as the masons for the project live in the community and have previous experience with construction and maintenance of latrines. We will be using the same design used in a project from five years ago, where all of the latrines built are still in use. The masons are committed to visiting the homes of the beneficiaries one month after the construction of the latrine to ensure its proper use and functionality. Lastly, the beneficiaries of the project will gain first hand experience in the process of constructing and maintaining a latrine.
Still interested? If you, your friends, or any family members are in a position to donate (there is no minimum, and every bit is appreciated!) please stop by the below website, which is a direct link to a descriription of the project and directions to donate to the community's effort. From there, one can also access other Peace Corps projects all around the world in search of funding. https://www.peacecorps.gov/index.cfm?shell=donate.contribute.projDetail&projdesc=517-407
